Abstract
The presence of squamous cell carcinoma is reported in an Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) from Urmia (north western part of Iran), Iran. Clinical observations revealed a small pink nodule (1 × 1 mm) on the right-hand side of the fish's lower mandible with a gradual increase in nodule size. After 2 months, the nodule was as large as 1 × 1 cm in size with a white-to-cream colouration. By this time, two similar nodules had formed on the ventral surface of lower mandible. At similar high risk sites around the mouth, another single nodule on the mandible adjacent to the operculum was found. The disorder caused an irregular mouth shape that consequently resulted in the fish unable to close its mouth. All mentioned sites were carefully dissected and processed for histopathological analyses. Observations demonstrated the presence of multiple cell masses under the skin layers, with either picnotic nucleus or without a nucleus and with keratin in the central part of the cell masses. Using specific staining for keratin showed a red-coloured keratin mass (cancer pearl) as a bluish background in the tissue components. The invaded cell masses into dermis showed pleomorphic nuclei.
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