Abstract
In this study, we evaluated 62 sow sera samples from PED-vaccinated sows to compare the serum neutralizing test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We performed protein ELISA (pELISA) using fragments of spike proteins S1, S2, S3 and entire nucleocapsid proteins, and found a correlation between the SNT and ELISA in PEDV-vaccinated sera. Sera with higher neutralizing activity showed higher titers of IgG. In the antibody profiling, the neutralizing activities are correlated with the levels of the spike antibody, especially the S3 region. We confirmed that the carboxy-terminal region, including the endodomain of the S protein, induced stronger neutralizing activity than the ectodomain. This region of the S protein could be useful for evaluating PED vaccine efficacy, and it is a strong neutralizing epitope of PEDV. The S3 protein could be useful for evaluating PED vaccine efficacy, and it is a strong neutralizing epitope of PEDV.
Highlights
PEDV is an enteric pathogen affecting pigs of all ages that causes acute watery diarrhea among suckling piglets and weight loss
We speculate that the PEDV antibodies generated by vaccination did not recognize the S2 region or that S2 was not very immunogenic, so the number of antibodies generated against S2 was low; we still do not understand this matter clearly
We found that the neutralizing epitope was located at the tail region of the PEDV spike protein, characterized by the 1368GPRLQPY1374 motif [25]
Summary
PEDV is an enteric pathogen affecting pigs of all ages that causes acute watery diarrhea among suckling piglets and weight loss. Spike protein (S) in PEDV has the most critical role in its infection, especially in very early stages It is involved in virus entry for binding with its receptor and decision factors for tissue tropism [6]. For preparation of whole virus coating antigen, cell culture, collection, centrifugation and titration are required, and it is a very time-consuming process To solve this issue, protein-based ELISA has been developed [19,20]. Lirola et al reported that ELISA with structural proteins of PEDV, S1 provided important results for sensitivity and differentiation with other swine enteric pathogens [20]. The S1 and S2 regions are located in the ectodomain of the spike protein and the S3 region is located in the endodomain
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