Abstract
BackgroundThe burden of mental health in India, as in other Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), is substantial. Secondary Analysis of survey data provides insight into trends in mental health morbidity over time, while administrative data can indicate corresponding trends in availability of infrastructure and services. We compared data from three national level surveys conducted in India to analyse trends in mental health morbidity and available institutional mechanisms to address mental health needs in Kerala, a south Indian state.MethodsWe compiled data from national and state level population surveys which reported mental health morbidity from 2002 to 2018. We compared the prevalence of mental health illness and disability reported in Kerala with national estimates. We also mapped the most recently available health human resource and infrastructure available in Kerala for mental health care. Basic descriptive statistics were computed for both sets of indicators using Microsoft Excel.ResultsIn 2002, Kerala had 194 persons per hundred thousand population with mental retardation and intellectual disability which increased to 300 persons per hundred thousand population in 2018. The number of individuals with mental health illness in the state increased from 272 person per hundred thousand to 400 persons per hundred thousand in the time period of 2002 to 2018. There were 5.53 beds available per ten thousand persons for treatment in Kerala in 2018.ConclusionKerala experienced a rapid rise in mental health morbidity between 2002 and 2018. The most recently reported health human resource and infrastructure availability in the state appears to be inadequate to cater to the requirements of mental health care, even as improvements and upgradations are underway. Service and system design changes will have to be mapped and evaluated over time.
Highlights
The burden of mental health in India, as in other Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), is substantial
The 2015–16 National Mental Health Survey report was used to assess the availability of health infrastructure and human resource for mental health care in Kerala; this study design was multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling, with random selection of households based on Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) across stages [7]
In Kerala, the prevalence of both indicators was higher among males as compared to females
Summary
The burden of mental health in India, as in other Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), is substantial. We compared data from three national level surveys conducted in India to analyse trends in mental health morbidity and available institutional mechanisms to address mental health needs in Kerala, a south Indian state. Mental disorders account for the second highest number of Years lived with disability (YLDs) and represent the sixth leading burden in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in the world in 2017 [1]. They place an Joseph et al BMC Public Health (2021) 21:2264 of the need to safeguard mental health and well-being given in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [3]. Studies have shown that these factors are associated with mental health disorders [1, 5]
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