Abstract
This chapter focuses on the budding of membranes. There are two general mechanisms cells use to signal one another. Small molecules and ions can travel between neighboring cells through gap junctions. This route limits the diversity of messages for the gap junction cannot pass molecules larger than about 1 kDa. Thus, more elaborate signaling must proceed by the process of exocytosis and endocytosis, which is not limited to small molecules or to diffusion-driven transport. During secretory communication, the signaling cell releases the messenger molecule by packaging it in a vesicle, and then fusing the vesicle with its plasma membrane. A lipid bilayer is held together largely by the hydrophobic forces at the interface between the aqueous solvent and the lipid leaflet. This force is not an attraction between the lipid molecules but is generated by the attractive hydrogen bonding forces between the polar water molecules.
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