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Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles can convert long wavelength excitation radiation to short wavelength emission. They have great potential in biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, biodetection, drug delivery, and theranostics. However, there is little information available on their bioavailability and biological effects after oral administration. In this study, we systematically investigated the bioavailability, biodistribution, and toxicity of silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles administrated by gavage. Our results demonstrate that these nanoparticles can permeate intestinal barrier and enter blood circulation by microstructure observation of Peyer's patch in the intestine. Comparing the bioavailability and the biodistribution of silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles with oral and intravenous administration routes, we found that the bioavailability and biodistribution are particularly dependent on the administration routes. After consecutive gavage for 14 days, the body weight, pathology, Zn and Cu level, serum biochemical analysis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines were studied to further evaluate the potential toxicity of the silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles. The results suggest that these nanoparticles do not show overt toxicity in mice even at a high dose of 100 mg/kg body weight.
Highlights
In the last decade, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles have attracted increasing attention because of their unique advantages, such as low level of background noise, deep penetration depth, minimal photodamage, and high resistance to photobleaching (Auzel, 2004; Lu et al, 2013; Bettinelli et al, 2015; Li et al, 2015b, 2017; Jalani et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Sun et al, 2018)
The results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement show that the hydrodiameter of NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 nanoparticles was around 60 nm (PDI = 0.23), confirming their mono-dispersion in aqueous solution (Figure 1D)
We systematically investigate the bioavailability, biodistribution, and toxicity of orally administered NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm
Summary
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles have attracted increasing attention because of their unique advantages, such as low level of background noise, deep penetration depth, minimal photodamage, and high resistance to photobleaching (Auzel, 2004; Lu et al, 2013; Bettinelli et al, 2015; Li et al, 2015b, 2017; Jalani et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Sun et al, 2018). Surface modification is typically required to make upconversion nanoparticles, UCNPs, suitable for biomedical application, which typically involves coating a hydrophilic ligand (i.e., amphiphilic polymers, proteins) or an extra hydrophilic layer (i.e., SiO2) on their surface (Li et al, 2015a; Liu et al, 2015; Sedlmeiera and Gorris, 2015; Plohl et al, 2017). These features made UCNPs suitable for many biological and medical applications, including multimodal bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and synergetic therapy. It is necessary to assess the bioavailability, distribution, and toxicity of UCNPs administrated orally
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