Abstract
It is well recognized that gram positive and negative bacterial infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and parasitic infections result in changes in plasma lipid levels (1–12). Of note, viral infections, such as HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and Dengue fever, also similarly alter plasma lipid levels (13–15). Typically, infections decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels with either elevated triglyceride or inappropriately normal triglyceride levels for the decreased nutritional status that characteristically occurs with infections.
Highlights
It is well recognized that gram positive and negative bacterial infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and parasitic infections result in changes in plasma lipid levels [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
Infections decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels with either elevated triglyceride or inappropriately normal triglyceride levels for the decreased nutritional status that characteristically occurs with infections
Increased mortality was observed in patients with low total cholesterol, LDL-C, and/or HDL-C levels at admission to the hospital, and in these very ill patients, lipid levels continued to decline during the hospitalization [28, 36, 38, 41, 43,44,45]
Summary
It is well recognized that gram positive and negative bacterial infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and parasitic infections result in changes in plasma lipid levels [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Numerous studies have shown that the degree of reduction in total cholesterol, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I predict mortality in patients with severe sepsis [19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. As observed with other infections, numerous studies have reported a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels and variable changes in triglycerides in patients with COVID-19 infections [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39].
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