The Benefits and Barriers Related to Regular Participation in Physical Activity by African-American Women: Implications for Intervention Development

Meredith S Scott,Roy F Oman,Robert John

doi:10.4236/ojpm.2015.54020

Abstract

A common strategy for improving health behaviors is to emphasize the benefits and reduce the barriers to behavior change. This study investigated potential differences in perceived benefits and barriers related to participation in physical activity (PA) between women in pre-maintenance versus the maintenance phase of PA behavior to determine if perceived benefits were greater and perceived barriers lower in women with more extensive and successful PA participation experience. Data were collected from a community-based sample (N = 113) of middle-aged African-American women. The sample was stratified into two groups according to how long they had been regularly engaging in PA (6 months or longer versus less than 6 months). Chi-square analyses were conducted to investigate possible differences between the two groups of women in regard to perceived benefits and barriers associated with PA. Descriptive data showed that nearly all of the benefits and barriers to PA were perceived as being important for a majority of the participants and chi-square and t-test results indicated few significant between-group differences (p < .05) in regard to these perceptions. Additional analyses indicated there was no significant between-group difference (p < .05) for Body Mass Index. The results suggest the benefits and barriers related to PA behavior are already valued and understood by many African-American women. Further, the results do not support the commonly held belief that effective health behavior improvement programming should emphasize the benefits and reduce the barriers related to the behavior. Practitioners should consider focusing on other evidenced based factors proven to promote PA behavior such as counseling regarding social support (e.g., buddy system) and increasing self-efficacy (e.g., goal setting) to initiate and sustain a physically active lifestyle.

Highlights

A majority of the population remains insufficiently active despite the well-known health benefits of regular participation in physical activity (PA) and despite decades of research investigating factors associated with PA [1]
The participants were 113 African American women. Participants indicated their stages of PA behavior change as follows: pre-contemplation (n = 6), contemplation (n = 19), preparation (n = 26), action (n = 20), and maintenance stages (n = 42)
It could be that the benefits and barriers related to PA participation generally do not vary across African American women’s stage of PA behavior change; this conclusion would be in partial or complete agreement with research conducted by Taggart and Connor [19], Juniper et al [16], and Oldridge and Streiner [18] that involved African American women among other populations

Summary

Introduction

A majority of the population remains insufficiently active despite the well-known health benefits of regular participation in physical activity (PA) and despite decades of research investigating factors associated with PA [1]. African American women in particular consistently report being less physically active than others and are disproportionally affected by chronic disease and poor health outcomes [2] [3]. Several studies have examined correlates of physical activity in African American women and have reported that factors such as perceived health, social support, self-efficacy, and neighborhood safety were related to participation in PA [4]-[7]. Barriers (e.g., competing responsibilities, safety, lack of facilities) and benefits (e.g., improved health, stress relief, enjoyment) related to engaging in PA behaviors are central components of several individual theories of behavior change (e.g., Health Belief Model) and are often the focus of interventions [8] [9]. The stages of behavioral change are a central component of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) in which individuals are believed to change their behaviors by progressing through a series of stages ranging pre-contemplation to maintenance of the behavior [10] [11]

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Conclusion