THE BEGINNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCE “USUL AL-FIQH” IN MAWARANNAHR

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the contribution of scientists of Mawarannahr to the formation and development of the theory of Islamic law – usulu-l-fiqh. The study examines the factors that led to the emergence of usulu-l-fiqh in Iraq and its subsequent spread in the East. The article analyzes the scientific activity of the scientists of Mawarannahr and the influence of their works on the development of the al-fiqh method. We have studied written sources on usulu-l-fiqh in the region and their features. New concepts and methods introduced into the science of usulu-lfiqh through the books of Kaffal Shashi Mahasinu-sh-shari’a, Takvimu-l-adilla of Abu Zayd Dabusi, and Usulu-l-Pazdawi of Fakhru-l-Islam Ali Pazdawi. We researched the scientific activity and scientific works of such faqihs as Shamsu-la’imma Muhammad Sarakhsi, Fakhru-l-Islam Ali Pazdawi, Alau-d-din Samarkandi, Abu Hafs Umar Nasafi, Hisamiddin Akhsikati, Nizamiddin Shashi, Abul Barakat Nasafi, Sadrush-shaheed Ubaidullah ibn Mas’ud Bukhari. The article provides valuable information about such works as Takvimul-adilla, Usulu-l-Pazdawi, Usulu-s-Sarakhsi, Mizanu-l-usul, Manar, at-Talvih and comments and annotations to them. In conclusion, the importance of works on the science of usulul-fiqh for understanding the theoretical foundations, goals, and essence of Islam is explained