The bactericidal and biofilm removal effect of super reducing water on Streptococcus mutans in three types of orthodontic brackets.

Abstract

To investigate the bactericidal and biofilm removal effect of super reducing water (SRW) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhered to orthodontic brackets, in vitro. Three types of brackets were bonded to aluminum disks. After the formation of S. mutans biofilms on the surfaces, the brackets were divided into three groups (n = 44 each) based on their exposure to SRW: group 1, no treatment; group 2, treated for 5 min; and group 3, treated for 10 min. Total viable counts, adenosine triphosphate measurements, crystal violet assay, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the effect of SRW. The bacterial counts in groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (P < 0.001); however, no significant differences were observed between groups 2 and 3. Marked decreases in the number of bacterial colonies and extent of biofilm formation were observed in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. No significant differences in the number of bacterial colonies and amount of biofilm were observed among the three types of brackets in each group. These findings indicate the bactericidal and biofilm removal effect of SRW treatment on S. mutans adhered to orthodontic brackets.