The associations of markers of endothelial dysfunction with hip fracture risk.

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction underlies the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Vascular disease, in turn, is associated with the risk of osteoporotic fractures, such as hip fractures. Here, we examine whether two measures of endothelial dysfunction are related to hip fracture risk. Participants for this study were 2792 individuals (mean age 78.6years) who had flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measured after ischemia in the forearm and 2255 adults (mean age 73.3years) with measured soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (siCAM) levels, a constitutive endothelial cell membrane protein associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis. Mean follow-up was 9.7 and 11.7years, respectively. There were 375 and 265 incident hip fractures, respectively, in each group. In Cox proportional hazards models, there was no significant association between FMD response and incident hip fracture (HR per 1% higher FMD was 0.98 [0.93, 1.04]; p = 0.44). In exploratory analyses, when data were examined dichotomously, participants in the lowest 80% of FMD (≤ 4.5%) had an adjusted 1.29 (0.98, 1.68; p = 0.067) higher hazard of hip fracture compared to participants in the upper 20% of FMD change. There were no significant associations between siCAM and incident hip fracture whether examined as a continuous or dichotomized variable. Among older adults, two measures of endothelial dysfunction were not significantly associated with hip fracture risk. There was a trend for higher fracture risk with lower FMD.