Abstract
Background: Adiponectin (APN) is a novel hormone produced mainly by white adipose tissue that contribute to various physiological functions. APN has been related to cancer development specially the ones related to obesity such as breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it also has been related body mass index (BMI). This study aims to investigate the role of APN and AdipoR1 polymorphism rs1342387 in some obesity-related cancer patients living in Erbil province (Kurdistan-Iraq).
 Method: The study includes 82 subjects (66 cancer patients, 16 healthy controls) from 4 medical facilities in Erbil, all participants were subjected to a questionnaire and signed a consent form before taking the samples. The serum level of APN was estimated by ELISA and the AdipoR1 polymorphism (rs1342387) was detected by RFLP-PCR.
 Results: The results showed that the prevalence of BC cases were more than CRC cases. Furthermore, females were the dominant sex in BC. Moreover, the level of APN was significantly decreased in obesity-related cancer groups (BC, CRC) in compare to HC. Regarding APN correlation with BMI the results showed a weak non-significant negative correlation. The attempt to investigate the genotype of Kurdish people showed the frequency of GG genotype among Kurdish people but the recessive AA genotype showed more effects on decreasing the level of APN despite the non-significant results.
 Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate AdipoR1 polymorphism and its correlation to obesity-related cancers in Kurdistan-Iraq and although GG was the more frequent genotype, AA was more effective on APN levels in obesity-related cancers.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading death worldwide only preceded by heart diseases causing 9.6 million deaths in 2018 [1, 2]
Venous blood samples from cancer patients (n=66) (51 breast cancers (BC), colorectal cancers (CRC)) were collected from four medical facilities (Nanakaly hospital for blood disease and cancer, Rizgary hospital, Shaqlawa teaching hospital, and Malaika Rahma Private Clinic) in addition, venous blood samples were collected from healthy individuals
In this study the genotype and allele frequencies of the AdipoR1 polymorphisms were detected in only a total of 33 participants was as follow: BccI restriction enzyme was used to detect the rs1342387 polymorphism which contain certain restriction sites depended on G/A nucleotides, From the study groups 19 of cancer group (BC=10, CRC=9) and 14 of HC were genotyped and the results showed that RFLP-PCR products were observed as either two homozygous (GG and AA) or a heterozygous (AG)
Summary
Cancer is the second leading death worldwide only preceded by heart diseases causing 9.6 million deaths in 2018 [1, 2]. BC incidence rates are increased worldwide, especially in developing nations [9] It is the most common female cancer in Kurdistan Iraq with an incidence rate of 17.1 per 100000 per year at all ages [10, 11]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranking fourth among the commonest cancers worldwide [16] It comes third in Kurdistan-Iraq [17]. APN has been related to cancer development specially the ones related to obesity such as breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to investigate the role of APN and AdipoR1 polymorphism rs1342387 in some obesity-related cancer patients living in Erbil province (Kurdistan-Iraq).
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