Abstract
BackgroundThe neighborhood environment, as a determinant of walking, has been assessed in several developed countries. However, few studies have investigated these associations in Chinese populations.ObjectiveTo examine the association between the perceived neighborhood environment and walking for recreation or transportation purposes among Chinese community residents.MethodsWe used a multi-stage stratified random sampling design to conduct a cross-sectional study of 1528 Chinese adults in Shanghai. Environmental and walking variables were assessed using a revised Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Chinese subjects and a long version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Self-reported demographic variables including gender, age, employment status, and location of community were also collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between the neighborhood environment and walking.ResultsBased on the results of IPAQ, 13.7% of the overall subjects were physical inactive, which was considered to be lowly active. For all participants, accessibility to services was significantly associated with walking for both recreation and transportation (odds ratio = 1.062, 95% confidence interval: 1.016, 1.110; odds ratio = 1.053; 95% confidence interval: 1.008, 1.100, respectively). In males, accessibility to services was significantly associated both with walking for recreation and walking for transportation. However, a significantly negative association was found between the neighborhood surroundings and walking for recreation. In contrast, females who perceived good traffic safety tended to walk for recreation. Data also revealed a difference between working and retired individuals. Among working participants, perceived environmental variables were not significantly associated with walking for recreation and transportation.ConclusionsThe association between neighborhood environment and walking varied depending on the reason for walking and the characteristics of the participants. Our findings suggest that interventions to promote walking in community residents should include improving the neighborhood environment, particularly accessibility to services such as building more stores, parks, and public transit facilities.
Highlights
Regular physical activity is an important contributor to health, and reduces the risk of many chronic diseases [1,2,3]
The association between neighborhood environment and walking varied depending on the reason for walking and the characteristics of the participants
Our findings suggest that interventions to promote walking in community residents should include improving the neighborhood environment, accessibility to services such as building more stores, parks, and public transit facilities
Summary
Regular physical activity is an important contributor to health, and reduces the risk of many chronic diseases [1,2,3]. A longitudinal study reported that the decline in physical activity levels among Chinese adults was strongly associated with the increased availability of higher educational institutions, housing infrastructure, sanitation improvements, and the economic wellbeing of the community in which people function [6]. Some studies suggested that associations between the built environment and physical activity were in the expected direction or null [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Connectivity, accessibility to services, aesthetics, safety, population density, and overall neighborhood design were important environmental determinants for physical activity [14]. Unlike other types of physical activity such as walking for leisure, the built environment was more likely to be associated with walking for transportation [14]. Few studies have investigated these associations in Chinese populations
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