The Association between oxidative stress marker Beta-2 microglobulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus in context of glycaemic index

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Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) protein has been shown to be elevated in response to oxidative stress and metabolic disorders and it modulates human immune and inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the association between B2M and glycaemic index in diabetic patients. Hence, this case-control study was conducted to measure the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the plasma concentrations of B2M. A total of 50 T2DM male patients alongside another 50 age-matched and healthy men were enrolled. The plasma concentrations of B2M and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Data related to smoking, daily consumption of multivitamins and regular performance of exercise were obtained through a questionnaire. The participants body mass index (BMI) was calculated after the body weight (Kg) and height (cm) of each participant was recorded. The results showed comparable age, BMI and rate of active smoking between the study groups. However, the levels of HbA1c were significantly higher, whereas the frequencies of consuming multivitamins and regularly performing exercise were significantly lower, in the T2DM group when compared with healthy controls. The plasma B2M levels also showed moderate significant positive correlations with age, BMI, and HbA1c plasma levels. In conclusion, the plasma Concentration of the oxidative stress marker B2M, was associated with T2DM and a significant elevation in its levels was positively correlated with age and the levels of HbA1c.