Abstract
Background: Nutritional status is related to the prognosis and the length of hospitalization of individuals with myocardial infarction. This study aimed to assess the effects of nutritional status on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 1623 medical records of patients admitted to the cardiology department of the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw (Poland) between 2017 and 2019. Results: It was found that, of those who died in the sample, 50% had a BMI within the normal range, 29% were in the overweight range and 18% were in the obese range. Patients who died had significantly more frequent occurrences of the following: Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) ≥ 3 (20% vs. 6%; p < 0.001); heart failure (53% vs. 25%; p < 0.001); or a history of stroke (22% vs. 9%; p < 0.001), arterial hypertension (66% vs. 19%; p < 0001) or diabetes (41% vs. 19%; p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found when considering the type of infarction, diabetes or people with low-density lipoprotein greater than or equal to 70 mg/dL. Conclusions: This study shows that malnutrition correlates with an increased risk of death during hospitalization.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the European Union [1], where 15–33% of deaths occur due to CVD
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutritional status on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
The analysis included data such as age, gender, patients’ body mass index (BMI) and laboratory results, such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), the type of myocardial infarction based on electrocardiography results, data on past and comorbid disease units and assessment of the nutritional status of the patient via the Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS)-2002
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the European Union [1], where 15–33% of deaths occur due to CVD. Malnutrition is not uncommon in patients with coronary artery disease, causing a worse clinical prognosis. According to Basta et al [5], almost 55% of their study population with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were malnourished. Those individuals had a higher risk of dying from any cause when compared to those with a normal nutritional status. It is important to correctly assess the nutritional status of a patient who has experienced myocardial infarction, as early diagnosis and treatment may lower the risk of complications, rehospitalization and death [6]. Nutritional status is related to the prognosis and the length of hospitalization of individuals with myocardial infarction. Conclusions: This study shows that malnutrition correlates with an increased risk of death during hospitalization
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