The Assessment and Prediction of Prospective Memory after Stroke.

Christy Hogan,Jennifer Fleming,David H K Shum,Petrea Cornwell

doi:10.1017/s1355617720000405

Abstract

Prospective memory (PM) is the memory used when intentions are to be carried out in the future. Little research has been conducted examining PM after stroke. This study aimed to determine if PM is impaired after stroke through comparison of individuals with stroke to healthy controls. Additionally, it aimed to explore the predictors of PM performance post-stroke. Twenty-eight individuals with stroke and 27 neurologically healthy controls completed the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), 2 self-report PM questionnaires, and multiple cognitive measures. Individuals with stroke performed significantly lower on both event- and time-based PM than controls on the CAMPROMPT, indicating PM impairment. Event-based PM after stroke was significantly predicted by age, retrospective memory (RM), and global cognitive function, whereas time-based PM was only predicted by the metacognitive skill of note-taking. Age and note-taking predicted time-based PM for controls, whereas only age predicted event-based PM for control participants. The findings of this study have helped to confirm that PM impairment does exist after stroke, particularly when using a standardised PM measure. Furthermore, PM impairment may be predicted by variables, such as age, strategy use, RM, and cognitive ability.

Highlights

Variables entered into the regression analysis for time-based Prospective memory (PM) for individuals with stroke included: executive functions (EFs) measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT), total recall and retention on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), global cognitive function measured by the MoCA, note-taking on the CAMPROMPT, and self-reported PM (PRMQ PM and Brief Assessment of PM (BAPM) total)
The current study aimed to compare the PM performance of individuals with stroke to controls to clarify the extent of PM impairment after stroke
The hypothesis was supported as individuals with stroke performed significantly poorer on the CAMPROMPT total score as well as the time- and event-based subscores compared to controls

Summary

Aims and Hypotheses

In order to clarify the extent of PM impairment after stroke, this study aimed to compare the PM performance of individuals with stroke to healthy controls using a standardised clinical measure (viz., CAMPROMPT). It was hypothesised that individuals with stroke would perform more poorly on the CAMPROMPT when compared to controls, on time-based PM. Very little is known about why PM impairment occurs after stroke and only one study has examined possible predictors (i.e., cognitive functions) of PM performance after stroke (Kant et al, 2014). The current study examined whether demographic, cognitive, and metacognitive factors predict PM performance and explored possible causes of PM impairment post-stroke. It was hypothesised that demographic, cognitive, and metacognitive factors would significantly predict PM performance after stroke

Participants

Procedure

RESULTS

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DISCUSSION

Limitations