Abstract

BackgroundAlthough the presence of Asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (CDV) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene, the fusion (F) protein gene sequence of Asia 2 group had not been identified. So, the sequence analysis of F gene was carried out to elucidate the genotypic varaitons among Asian isolates.ResultsThe phylogenetic analysis of F and H gene sequences from fourteen CDV isolates obtained from diseased dogs in Japan and Thailand indicated that the F genes had a new initiation codon and extra 27 nucleotides upstream of the usual open reading frame (ORF) and the F proteins had extra 9 amino acids at the N-terminal position only in Asia 2 isolates. On the contrary, the Asia 1 isolates had three extra putative N-glycosylation sites (two sites in the signal peptide region and one site in the F1 region) except for two strains of Th12 and Ac96I (two sites in signal peptide region) adding to four putative N-glycosylation sites that were conserved among all Asian isolates and Onderstepoort strain. In addition to this difference in N-glycosylation sites, the signal peptide region had a great diversity between Asia 1 and Asia 2 isolates. Also, characteristic amino acids were detected for some strains.ConclusionAsia 2 isolates were distinguished from other CDV lineages by the extra 27 nucleotide sequence. The signal peptide region of F gene gives a remarkable differentiation between Asia 1 and Asia 2 isolates. Strains Th12 and Ac96I were differentiated from other Asia 1 strains by the F protein glycosylation sites.

Highlights

  • The presence of Asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (CDV) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene, the fusion (F) protein gene sequence of Asia 2 group had not been identified

  • Paramyxovirus fusion proteins are synthesized as an inactive precursor F0 that is cleaved by a host-cell protease to release the new N-terminus of the F1 [2]

  • In this study the phylogenetic characterization of F as well as H protein genes among Asian isolates of CDV was carried out to know the genetic variations of F genes

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Summary

Introduction

The presence of Asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (CDV) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene, the fusion (F) protein gene sequence of Asia 2 group had not been identified. The sequence analysis of F gene was carried out to elucidate the genotypic varaitons among Asian isolates. Intensive studies were carried out on the H gene sequencing and phylogenetic relationship analysis [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] but a little is known about the F gene variations. In this study the phylogenetic characterization of F as well as H protein genes among Asian isolates of CDV was carried out to know the genetic variations of F genes

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