The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway plays a central role in the cutaneous response to pollutants

Abstract

Short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution has significant health effects. The skin is the organ directly in contact with pollutants and is responsible for protection of the organism. Particulate matter (PM) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the basis of certain pulmonary as well as dermatological complications. Pollution exacerbates certain illnesses such as atopic dermatitis and cancer, and it may also participate in delaying wound healing and in the occurrence of chronic ailments such as diabetes. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor, at the core of these responses to pollutants, is expressed by all cells of the skin. The AhR is subject to tight regulation that depends on its ligand. Pollutants act in a deleterious manner via the AhR, influencing the behaviour of keratinocytes as well as fibroblasts. Natural ligands, on the other hand, allow the noxious effects of pollution to be countered. This non-systematic review of the literature shows that modulation of AhR appears to be an excellent therapeutic approach to improve or stop the cutaneous problems linked to pollution.