The area behind the heart in the four‐chamber view and the quest for congenital heart defects

Abstract

To evaluate the spectrum of fetal cardiac defects associated with abnormal sonographic findings in the area behind the heart (ABTH) in the four-chamber view. This study included a retrospective review of 393 fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD) detected in 2003-2005 at our tertiary referral center and a prospective evaluation of 4666 fetal echocardiograms, including 220 cases of CHD, performed between January 2006 and February 2007. The retrospective and prospective groups did not differ significantly with respect to cardiac anomalies or abnormal findings in the ABTH, allowing us to combine the 613 fetuses with CHD investigated over a 50-month period. In the study period, 69 fetuses had abnormalities of the ABTH (75% with major CHD). In 28 fetuses, two equally sized vessels ran behind the heart. Of these, 26 had an interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and two had total anomalous infracardiac pulmonary venous connection. In 41 fetuses, only one vessel was visualized, but the descending thoracic aorta was positioned contralateral to the cardiac apex. Of these, 29 had levocardia with right descending aorta. All of them had a right aortic arch. The remaining 12 had dextrocardia with left descending aorta. The ABTH in the four-chamber view is easy to evaluate and offers important diagnostic markers for fetal CHD. Thus, it might enhance the screening performance of the four-chamber view. Attention must be paid to the number of vessels behind the heart and their laterality.