Abstract
Parkia biglobosa is a much-loved and over-exploited African savannah species for its socio-economic importance. Knowing and taking into account its architectural unit, which is the basis for diagnosing phenology, productivity and tree health, could provide a new perspective on its sustainable management. The aim of this study is to establish the architectural development in Parkia biglobosa by retrospective analysis. To achieve this objective, 390 individuals of all sizes ranging from seedlings to senescent trees were observed and analysed under various soil and climatic conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. The results showed that Parkia biglobosa is a light plant but shading tolerant. It is a mixed vegetative axis plant, the stem is orthotropic* in its proximal part and plagiotropic* (collapsing) in its distal part in young stage. The tree then transitions to an adult and old stage into a tree with a plagiotropic* axis in the proximal and distal parts, the trunk is built up by superimposing collapsed relay axes that gradually straighten, branching is sympodial*, growth is defined and sexuality is terminal and lateral. The ontogeny takes place in three phases: initiation of development and establishment of the crown (young), then flowering and establishment of the architectural unity (adult) and finally the death of secondary axes in the crown, duplication of the architecture by a series of partial and total reiterations (old). The level of organisation is 5: the phytomere, the module or growth unit, the axis, the architectural unit and the reiterated complex. Retrospective analysis of the modules showed that the dimensions of the growth units are indicators of morphological variation and species adaptation to a changing climate (P R2 and r
Highlights
The architectural* study of a plant is a morphological approach that makes it possible to characterise the organisation of trees or groups of trees growing in different pedoclimatic contexts [1] [2] [3] [4]
Necessary and important to bring out this architectural unit hidden in the tree, as it is the basis for future diagnostics by foresters or observers to assess the difficulties, phenology, health, productivity and reproducibility of species in various geographical situations under stress or climate change
Parkia biglobosa is a tree identical to Champagnat’s model at the young tree stage
Summary
The architectural* study of a plant is a morphological approach that makes it possible to characterise the organisation of trees or groups of trees growing in different pedoclimatic contexts [1] [2] [3] [4] In spite of this pedoclimatic variability, it allows us to highlight a specific average architectural organisation that constitutes the species’ sketch or architectural unit*. The plant continues its growth by altering this architectural unit through the phenomenon of duplication; a series of axes of different categories are reproduced in the adult plant [10] [11] [12] It is, necessary and important to bring out this architectural unit hidden in the tree, as it is the basis for future diagnostics by foresters or observers to assess the difficulties, phenology, health, productivity and reproducibility of species in various geographical situations under stress or climate change
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