Abstract
The Tuinier Farm (41HP237), R. A. Watkins (41HP238), and Anglin (41HP240) sites are 16th to 17th century Caddo sites in the modern-day Post Oak Savannah of Northeast Texas. All three of the sites are located on Stouts Creek, in the eastern part of Hopkins County, Texas, a northward-flowing tributary to White Oak Creek in the Sulphur River basin; the modern channel of White Oak Creek lies ca. 15 km north of these sites. The Culpepper site (41HP1), a previously investigated mid-to late 17th century Caddo habitation and cemetery site, is about 2 km downstream. Small areas of tall-grass prairie lie to the north between the Stouts Creek sites and White Oak Creek, but the eastern extent of the larger White Oak and Sulphur prairies is approximately 15 km to the west and northwest. At the time of the Caddo occupation of the Stouts Creek sites, the climate was wetter and warmer than today, with significant mesic periods between A.D. 1477- 1524, A.D. 1539-1572, and A.D. 1603-1670. After A.D. 1670, the years from A.D. 1671 -1676 were relatively cool and dry. The more mesic periods had more equitable rainfall (adequate growing season rainfall) and this, combined with the warmer temperatures, led to an increased net productivity and carrying capacity of plants and animals in the Post Oak Savannah and Pineywoods that were settled by Titus phase populations. The Tuinier Farm site is the closest of the three sites to the headwaters of Stouts Creek. It is situated on a relatively flat and sandy upland ridge (460 feet amsl) about 1 km south of the Anglin site and just east of Stouts Creek. Anglin is on a sandy knoll (460 feet amsl) on an upland slope, also east of Stouts Creek. The third site, R. A. Watkins, is 1.2 km northwest of the Anglin site, also on an upland slope, but 200 m east of an intermittent tributary to Stouts Creek and 1 km from Stouts Creek.
Highlights
All three of the sites arc located on Stouts Creek, in the eastern part of Hopkins County, Texas, a northward-Bowing Lrihutary to White Oak Creek in the Sulphur River basin; the modern channel of White Oak Creek lies ca. 15 km north of these sites
Eight backscattered electron (BSE) images were taken in six separate areas of the sample (Figure 32a-c)
Two Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (EDXA) readings were taken in Area I, one of the matrix clay in the body and one of the matrix clay in the grog (Table L7)
Summary
All three of the sites arc located on Stouts Creek, in the eastern part of Hopkins County, Texas, a northward-Bowing Lrihutary to White Oak Creek in the Sulphur River basin; the modern channel of White Oak Creek lies ca. Small areas of tall-grass prairie lie to the north between the Stools Creek sites and White Oak Creek, but the eastern extent of the larger While Oak and Sulphur prairies (sec Jordan 1981) is approx imalcly 15 krn to the west and northwest. Archaeological investigations over the last few years by several parties at three 16111 to 17th century Caddo sites in Hopkins County, Texas, have yielded a combined total of 1,297 identifiable faunal specimens. Colle~:tions from the surface and in test excavations in the context of a recently plowed tleld at Tuinier Farm (41HP237) resulted in the retrieval of 337 bones. A complete inventory of the faunal remains is in Appendix 2
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