Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a cutting-edge imaging technique that is attracting increasing attention. This novel technique collects signals from superparamagnetic nanoparticles as its imaging tracer. It has characteristics such as linear quantitativity, positive contrast, unlimited penetration, no radiation, and no background signal from surrounding tissue. These characteristics enable various medical applications. In this paper, we first introduce the development and imaging principles of MPI. Then, we discuss the current major applications of MPI by dividing them into four categories: cell tracking, blood pool imaging, tumor imaging, and visualized magnetic hyperthermia. Even though research on MPI is still in its infancy, we hope this discussion will promote interest in the applications of MPI and encourage the design of tracers tailored for MPI.
Highlights
Medical imaging has been increasingly involved in decision making in every aspect of disease treatment, including diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis [1]
The results showed that Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) had a better signal-to-noise ratio, and the intensity of the MPI signal was linearly related to the number of cells
MPI scanners are currently not applied in the clinic
Summary
Medical imaging has been increasingly involved in decision making in every aspect of disease treatment, including diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis [1]. Used imaging methods include radionuclide imaging, optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US) These imaging methods are capable of visualizing lesions and, play a crucial role in guiding the protocols and processes of cancer treatment. Radionuclide imaging has high sensitivity and can achieve long-term tracing, but the long half-life of the tracers may involve the greater net dose to the patient or weaker signal to noise ratio [8].this imaging method has low spatial resolution and requires the injection of radioactive tracers [9,10,11]. The contrast-enhanced US can achieve real time imaging, has no ionizing radiation, and is cost efficient for patients [15] It has relatively low sensitivity and low resolution [16]. With continuous improvement of MPI, significant progress has been made in the applications of MPI in various fields
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