Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products are promising source of biopolymers, including proteins and polysaccharides. This study was designed to evaluate the flaxseed oil cake extract (FOCE) as natural encapsulating material and carrier for probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnous GG (LGG). The powders were obtained using three spray drying inlet temperatures (110 °C, 140 °C, 170 °C), and reconstituted. The influence of temperature on water activity, morphology, chemical composition, flowability and cohesiveness of the powders was estimated. For all variants, the survival of bacteria during spray drying, and simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The preservation of LGG probiotic features such as cholesterol reduction, hydrophobicity and adhesion to mucin were examined. Results revealed that all physicochemical and functional characteristics of the powders were affected by the inlet temperature. This study demonstrated that FOCE is an appropriate matrix for spray drying (due to flaxseed proteins and polysaccharides) providing high survivability of bacteria (89.41–96.32%), that passed meaningfully through the simulated gastrointestinal tract (4.39–5.97 log reduction), largely maintaining their probiotic properties, being a promising environmentally-friendly carrier for probiotic LGG.
Highlights
Probiotic bacteria are intensively studied worldwide [1]
It was noticed that total solids content (TSC) of flaxseed oil cake extract (FOCE) was 3.11%, whereas Total solids content (TSC) of FOCE-Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-110, FOCE-LGG-140 and FOCE-LGG-170 powders was 89.01%, 90.81% and 91.13%, respectively (Table 2)
In previous studies we demonstrated that FOCE can be spray-dried and form good protective coatings [13,37]
Summary
Probiotic bacteria (defined as: “living microorganisms which exert beneficial effect on the host health when consumed in adequate amounts”) are intensively studied worldwide [1]. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a Gram-positive Lactic Acid Bacterium (LAB), and one of the best-studied probiotics in clinical trials. This strain exhibits most of the features required for probiotics, and has been shown to be safe and non-pathogenic [1,2,3]. It has been previously reported that LGG exerts beneficial effects in treating and/or preventing several disorders, including ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, rotavirus infections, sepsis and meningitis [2,3,4,5]. One of the LGG characteristics responsible for its health-benefit properties is resisting low pH levels, the ability to adhere mucus and epithelial cells as well as prolonged residence in GIT [1,3,4]
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