Abstract
The mineralogy of most Australian oil shales is relatively simple and belongs to the carbonate, clay, sulphide, sulphate, silica, phosphate, zeolite and evaporite/saline mineral groups. Retorting involves heating during which virtually all oil shale minerals react. Such reactions, endothermic or exothermic may be characterised and measured by DTA, whilst associated weight variations may be continuously quantified by TG. These methods provide mineralogical identification and evaluation data, together with reaction type, magnitude and heat balance information, obtained under heating rate and gas atmosphere conditions preselectable to simulate various retorting conditions. Endothermic and exothermic mineral reactions taking place within the retort may strongly influence the required retort heat balance regime. Detailed knowledge of the actual minerals present, their quantities, reaction temperatures and types, together with heat balance effects are of marked technological importance to the design and operation of oil shale retorts and the assessment of spent shale characteristics and potential utilisation.
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