Abstract
In the treatment of intracanal and periodontal infections, the local application of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents in the root canal or in periodontal pockets may be a promising approach to achieve sustained drug release, high antimicrobial activity and low systemic side effects. Microparticles made from biodegradable polymers have been reported to be an effective means of delivering antibacterial drugs in endodontic and periodontal therapy. The aim of this review article is to assess recent therapeutic strategies in which biocompatible microparticles are used for effective management of periodontal and endodontic diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies that have investigated the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain microparticle formulations and devices are presented. Future directions in the application of microencapsulation techniques in endodontic and periodontal therapies are discussed.
Highlights
Endodontic and periodontal pathologies are closely related to each other and as primary diseases each may have secondary effects on the other
The results demonstrated that local use of the microencapsulated antibiotic as an adjunct to mechanical treatment was effective for peri-implant lesions, with better results than with chlorhexidine gel
The management of periodontal diseases and endodontic failure has traditionally focused on the use of anti-infective irrigating solutions and the use of mechanical procedures to eliminate infectious tissue and to hinder disease progression
Summary
Endodontic and periodontal pathologies are closely related to each other and as primary diseases each may have secondary effects on the other. The properties of drug-loaded polymeric microparticles enable prolonged delivery of large amounts of drugs, mainly antibiotics, through the periodontal and dental route of administration, reducing the side effects of systemically applied antimicrobials in the treatment of PD and EF. The use of sustained drug delivery systems may provide drug delivery over a prolonged period in periodontal pockets In this context, polymeric microparticles may be of particular interest by virtue of their ability to achieve sustained delivery of effective biocidal levels of drug, to inhibit microbial adhesion and to be retained or adhered on the dentin or biofilm surface, as well as their biocompatibility and large surface area to volume ratio. Drug-microparticles in periodontal pockets may well provide useful antimicrobial activity to control or inhibit infection in both hard and soft tissues
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