Abstract
In recent decades, low impact development (LID) has become an increasingly important concern as a state-of-the-art stormwater management mode to treat urban flood, preferable to conventional urban drainage systems. However, the effects of the combined use of different LID facilities on urban flooding have not been fully investigated under different rainfall characteristics. In this study, a residential, neighborhood-scale catchment in Shenzhen City, southern China was selected as a case study, where the effects of four LID techniques (bio-retention, bio-swale, rain garden and pervious pavement) with different connection patterns (cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled) on runoff reduction efficiency were analyzed by the storm water management model (SWMM), promoted by the U.S. EPA. Three kinds of designed storm events with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were forced to simulate the flood for holistic assessment of the LID connection patterns. The effects were measured by the runoff coefficient of the whole storm–runoff process and the peak runoff volume. The results obtained indicate that the cascaded connect LID chain can more effectively reduce the runoff than that in the paralleled connect LID chain under different storms. The performances of the LID chains in modeling flood process in SWMM indicate that the runoff coefficient and the peak runoff volume increase with the increase in the rain return periods and the decrease in rain duration. Additionally, the move backward of the peak rain intensity to the end of the storm event slightly affects the peak runoff volume obviously while gives slight influence on the total runoff volume. This study provides an insight into the performance of LID chain designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.
Highlights
Urban flood induced by storms causes loss of life and property, many structural or nonstructural methods are adopted to minimize the risks of flood and their damages
This study investigated the impact of low impact development (LID) connection patterns on the runoff reduction efficiency in a catchment of residential neighborhood scale in China, where four kinds of LID chain pattern—which included the cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled connected
LID facilities—and three groups of designed storms with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were considered for storm water management
Summary
Urban flood induced by storms causes loss of life and property, many structural or nonstructural methods (i.e., change the land use structure, upgrade sewerage system and establish early-warning system, etc.) are adopted to minimize the risks of flood and their damages. As a kind of effective and practical mitigation measure, best management practices (BMPs) approaches are widely applied to treat urban stormwater. A different design response to the challenges facing stormwater management is “low impact development (LID)” [3]. LID technique is an alternative site design strategy that uses natural and engineered infiltration and storage techniques to control storm water where it is generated [4]. LID emphasizes small, distributed, at-source BMPs and incorporates, as part of stormwater management decisions, design of street layout, and the size, location and configuration of buildings [5]. In many parts of the world, LID facilities are almost the only acceptable way of sustainable stormwater management [6]
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