Abstract
LID (low impact development) is the storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which can be used to solve urban flooding disasters. Taking Sucheng District of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China as an example, this project used SWMM (storm water management model) to study the effect of four different types of LID scenarios (① no LID technique, ② LID technique based on infiltration, ③ LID technique based on water storage, ④ LID technique based on the combination of infiltration and water storage) on urban flooding under different rainfall patterns. For the whole study area, the results show that infiltration facilities have the greater reduction rate of surface runoff compared with storage facilities. The combined model (infiltration + storage) works best in the reduction of peak flow and flood volume, with the maximum reduction rate of peak flow (32.5%), and the maximum reduction rate of flood volume (31.8%). For local nodes, infiltration facilities and water storage facilities have different effects. Infiltration facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 47, the reduction rate of ponding time ranges from 73.1% to 54.5%, while water storage facilities have no effects on it. Storage facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 52, the reduction rate of ponding time is 100%, while infiltration facilities have no effects on it. Under all the LID designs, runoff reduction gradually increases with the increasing rainfall amount, and peak reduction becomes stable when rainfall amount reaches about 81.8 mm. In general, the combined model (infiltration + storage) performs better than any other scenarios in runoff reduction. The research shows that LID facilities can greatly mitigate flood, thus the urban flooding disasters caused by extreme rainstorms can be prevented.
Highlights
With global warming and frequent heavy rains, urban flooding is becoming the serious urban disease in many countries all over the world [1]
This paper focused on the effect of LID techniques on flood control in typical urban areas of China
We simulated the effect of four LID types on peak flow and flood volume under different rainfall conditions
Summary
With global warming and frequent heavy rains, urban flooding is becoming the serious urban disease in many countries all over the world [1]. Many cities in China have experienced different levels of flooding disasters, the long time and deep depth of flooding along with large flooding areas are becoming three critical problems demanding solutions [1]. The urban flooding disaster has become a common concern in China, and the studies on corresponding simulation technologies have attracted widespread attention [2,3,4]. The urban flooding problem arises from three aspects as follows. In urban areas, rainwater is mainly removed through the rainwater pipe network system. In quite a number of cities, low level drainage standards, poor drainage capacity, aged drainage facilities and intricate drainage pipe networks with unreasonable settings, result in severe ‘intestinal obstruction’.
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