The application of fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect Mbcr/abl fusion in variant Ph chromosomes in CML and ALL

Abstract

We investigated the usefulness of fluorescent in situ hybridization with different-colored major breakpoint cluster region (M bcr) and Abelson oncogene ( abl) probes in clinical practice. In standard Ph chromosomes with a M bcr breakpoint, these probes produced a fusion of M bcr and abl signals that was visible in interphase and metaphase cells. The normal range for apparent M bcr/abl fusion signals in interphase nuclei was established in bone marrow from 25 normal controls. We tested the probes on 35 bone marrow specimens from five normal subjects and 29 patients with various kinds of Ph chromosomes and chronic myelogenous leukemia or acute lymphocytic leukemia. This method produced M bcr/abl fusion signals in patients with a standard Ph chromosome, simple or complex variants of Ph chromosomes, and “Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia.” In metaphase cells of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, this method established Ph chromosomes with minor bcr (m bcr) breakpoints. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is a relatively inexpensive and rapid method. When this method is used in conjunction with conventional chromosome analysis, the cytogeneticist can combine the power of complete karyotype studies and the resolution of molecular techniques for patients suspected of having a Ph chromosome.