The application of artificial intelligence in health policy: a scoping review

Abstract

BackgroundPolicymakers require precise and in-time information to make informed decisions in complex environments such as health systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel approach that makes collecting and analyzing data in complex systems more accessible. This study highlights recent research on AI’s application and capabilities in health policymaking.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases to find relevant studies from 2000 to 2023, using the keywords “artificial intelligence” and “policymaking.” We used Walt and Gilson’s policy triangle framework for charting the data.ResultsThe results revealed that using AI in health policy paved the way for novel analyses and innovative solutions for intelligent decision-making and data collection, potentially enhancing policymaking capacities, particularly in the evaluation phase. It can also be employed to create innovative agendas with fewer political constraints and greater rationality, resulting in evidence-based policies. By creating new platforms and toolkits, AI also offers the chance to make judgments based on solid facts. The majority of the proposed AI solutions for health policy aim to improve decision-making rather than replace experts.ConclusionNumerous approaches exist for AI to influence the health policymaking process. Health systems can benefit from AI’s potential to foster the meaningful use of evidence-based policymaking.