Abstract
In this study, six solvents (water, diiodomethane, bromonaphthalene, formamide, ethanol and ethylene glycol) were examined for three nanoparticle substrates, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide (21 nm and 100 nm), with the goal of assessing the suitability of a modified drop penetration method (DPM) for orders of magnitude smaller particles. Nanoparticles were compressed into flat discs and the solvent dropped on the surface while the image with time was recorded. Contact angles were in reasonable agreement with literature over the range of 20–80°, but failed to provide acceptable results for surface energy components. It was necessary to eliminate certain solvents and substrates not meeting the selection criteria.
Highlights
Nanoparticles (NP), which are discrete structures displaying high surface area-to-volume ratios, have a wide variety of applications in several segments of industry, engineering and health-care including paints, coatings, catalysts, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
A significant difference between the WCR and drop penetration method (DPM) methods is that the former investigates liquid penetration opposed by gravitational forces while the latter works with gravity. Based on this critical scenario, the purpose of the present study was to examine the applicability of the DPM method reported by Liu et al for the measurement of contact angles of powders composed of nanoparticles with dimensions that are 2–3 orders of magnitude smaller than those investigated by Liu et al A wide range of solvents was employed in the present study to allow the determination of their contact angles on powders of nanoparticles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide
NTahneopmaerttiaclleoPxiodwednerasnoparticles investigated in the present study were zinc oxide and titanium dioxidTeh.eTmweotatyl poexsidoef cnoamnompearrctiiacllleysaivnavielastbilgeazteindcionxtidhee nparnesoepnatrtsitculedsyhwaveerebezeinncteosxtiedde: aNnadnotigtaanrdiuTMmcaonxdidNeannaonToepkaTrMtic(lLeosth: aDv2e2bWee0n10te, sAtelfda: ANeasnaor,gWaradrTdM H(Liollt,:MB1A3,YU0S4A5,).ANlfaanAogesaardr,TWM anradnoHpiallr,tMiclAes) aarned40N–a1n0o0TnemkTiMn(sLizoet:aDn2d2>W9091%0,pAulrfiatyA
Summary
Nanoparticles (NP), which are discrete structures displaying high surface area-to-volume ratios, have a wide variety of applications in several segments of industry, engineering and health-care including paints, coatings, catalysts, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Because metallic oxides are known for their antibacterial properties, their incorporation into a dental adhesive is of particular interest for this research on surface properties. The surface character of the nanoparticles is important to ensure good wetting and integration of the nanoparticles into the adhesive without compromising bonding function. Understanding the surface properties of nanostructured powders may facilitate the development of novel nano-filled materials displaying improved properties (e.g., chemical, mechanical and biological) and may even help to predict their performance during service
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