Abstract
Anomalous systemic venous return (AVSR) may sometimes present as pathologic entities itself, or associated with other congenital heart defects. The presence of AVSR may require significant changes in surgical technique during the repair of congenital heart defects. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of anomalous systemic venous return and to determine the congenital heart anomalies accompanying AVSR in children. This study is based on a retrospective review of the medical records of 175 children who consecutively underwent cardiac catheterisation because that congenital heart disease. The most extensively diagnosed cardiac malformation was VSD (26.8%). ASVR was prevalent in 4.5% of patients. The most commonly diagnosed ASVR was persistent left superior vena cava (3.4%) and a second ASVR type was associated interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos vein continuation (1.1%). A systematic study of systemic venous connections should be performed in all those undergoing cardiac catheterisation as a prelude to open heart repair because it may require significant changes in surgical technique during the repair.
Highlights
Anomalous systemic venous return (ASVR) is an exceptional form of congenital heart disease in which all of the systemic veins, including the hepatic veins and the coronary sinus, drain abnormally into the heart (1)
ASVR is sometimes associated with atrioventricular canal, common atrium, atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and heterotaxia, and it may necessitate important modifications in the surgical technique used during the repair of associated congenital heart defects
We present venous anomalies in children with congenital heart disease after catheter angiography over a 3-year period
Summary
Anomalous systemic venous return (ASVR) is an exceptional form of congenital heart disease in which all of the systemic veins, including the hepatic veins and the coronary sinus, drain abnormally into the heart (1). It is usually anatomically benign, and commonly does not imply haemodynamic consequences. The parametric data are given as arithmetic means±standard deviation, and non-parametric data are given as medians (minimum–maximum). The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and comparison between groups was determined by Student's t test or Mann–Whitney U test (parametric data and non-parametric data, respectively). A p value of p
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