Abstract
Abstract The forcing of the March to May southerly surface-wind tendency along the equatorial South American coast, which leads to the annual transition of the eastern tropical Pacific basin’s climate from its peak warm phase in April, is explored through diagnostic modeling. Modeling experiments with a high-resolution (18 σ-levels, Δθ = 2.5°, 30 zonal waves) steady-state global linear primitive equation model that produces a striking simulation of most aspects of the March to May change in the lower tropospheric circulation over the eastern tropical Pacific, including the notable southerly surface-wind tendency, have provided unique insight into the role of various physical processes. The model is forced by the 3D distribution of the residually diagnosed diabatic heating and the submonthly momentum and thermal transients, all obtained from the twice-daily 2.5° × 2.5° European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts uninitialized analyses for 1985–95. The principal findings are the following: The initia...
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