The analysis of Salmonella’s ability to survive in different external environments

Abstract

The work aims to analyze the survival of the Salmonella pathogen in various objects of the outdoor environment (water, soil). Survival rates for Salmonella isolated in agar-agar from aqueous media (distilled water, tap water, well water, seawater) and soil were investigated. Every seven days, samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis, where they were streaked onto nutrient agar medium at a temperature of 36°C to determine the presence of viable Salmonella. In cases where Salmonella was not detected, microscopic examination was conducted to ascertain the presence of dead bacteria. Seasonal aspects of calf morbidity due to salmonellosis were examined. Salmonella survival in distilled water was maximal and exceeded four months; in well water, it survived two months (p ≤ 0.05 with distilled water); the survival rate in tap and sea water was one month (p ≤ 0.01). Salmonella was viable for more than eight months in artificially contaminated chernozem, five months in grey forest soil (p ≤ 0.05), and for at least three months in the soil at 0°C Salmonella (p ≤ 0.01). Salmonellosis is more common in 4–35% of calves 1–3 months of age. Salmonella can live outdoors, remaining viable and virulent in soil and water for 5–8 months.