Abstract
Wilber’s Integral Theory is a framework, widely used in different fields, aimed at unifying the premodern, modern and postmodern legacies and worldviews in one system. The subjective, objective and intersubjective dimensions of the Integral Theory correspond respectively to each one of the mentioned worldviews. This article reviews and explores in depth the interobjective dimension, necessary for a really quaternary integral approach, which has to include appropriately the human work and creativity. This is achieved trough understanding the interobjective character of the tekhne logic. Tekhne is the Aristotelian word to designate “productive science”. The study discusses the foundation of the interobjective at different levels (ontological, anthropological, cultural and psychological) and describes the evolutionary character of the tekhne logic. Finally the article explores the relevance of this characterization to the Integral Theory; but also to Metaphysics, Epistemology and especially to Education.
Highlights
Aristotle systematized the diverse and distinct forms of knowledge under the word episteme
The article explores the relevance of this characterization to the Integral Theory; and to Metaphysics, Epistemology and especially to Education
We developed the tekhne logic way of thinking, an intellectual endeavor that requires rationality
Summary
Aristotle systematized the diverse and distinct forms of knowledge under the word episteme. For example, Aristotle (2014) developed the Tekhne Retorike The objects of this tekhne-art are the words, while the relations are the knowledge about the combinations that make a given speech eloquent and persuasive. The arts, tekhnes, have a purpose, an objective; need techniques, intentional action, evaluation, transformation, creation of prototypes; criticism is needed and there is learning, product creation, external evaluation Those processes are all rational complexes of relational interobjective knowledge. Related with metacognitive skills there are heuristic, creative, practical-tacit knowledge abilities which define personal talent, and “know how” in diverse fields All these modalities of thinking can be examples of tekhnes. As today point out brain researchers (e.g. Gazzaniga, 2012) but, limited, the possibility to choose makes a difference in human behavior and has been a distinctive and foundational human trait
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