The Alteration of Dialysate Cancer Antigen 125 Concentration Under a Biocompatible Bicarbonate Peritoneal Dialysis Solution and the Preservation of the Mesothelial Cell Viability

Abstract

Background. The importance to maintain the peritoneal membrane integrity for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients by using biocompatible solutions (with low or no glucose as osmotic factor and low in glucose degradation products-GDPs, without lactate as a buffer and with normal pH) becomes progressively more evident. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effects of a novel bicarbonate-based biocompatible PD fluid, evaluating the alteration in the concentrations of dialysate marker CA125, a glucoprotein indicator of mesothelial cell mass. Patients and Methods. This is a single-center, prospective cohort study of 12 stable CAPD patients (4 women, 8 men), mean age 71.3 ± of 6.01 years, mean PD duration 31.9 ± 21.33 months, treated with the usual conventional PD solutions (with increased GDPs, low pH, and lactate as a buffer system). After a six-month period, the patients changed for the next six-month period into bicarbonate PD solutions (BicaVera, Fresenius®), after which they returned into their previous schema of conventional solutions for another six months. The dialysate marker of CA125 was repeatedly estimated at the beginning of the study (T0), after six months phase with the bicarbonate solutions (T6), and at the end of study (T12), after the second six-month use of the conventional PD solutions. All the samples were taken at the end of a four-hour dwell of an exchange with PD solution 2.5% glucose. Results. The dialysate mean value of CA125 at the beginning of the study (Td0-with conventional PD solutions) was 15.07 ± 5.72U/mL. After six months with bicarbonate PD solutions, the mean CA125 value increased to 111.97 ± 66.21U/mL, while the mean values dropped again to 22.72 ± 16.06 U/mL at the end of the study, after the patients' return for another six months to the conventional solutions use. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean CA125 levels at the beginning (Td0) and the middle of the study (Td6; p = 0.00079) as well as between the mean levels of CA125 in the middle (Td6) and at the end of the study (Td12; p = 0.0014). In contrast, comparing the mean dialysate values of CA125 at the beginning (Td0) and at the end of the study (Td12), no statistically significant difference was revealed (p = 0.13). Conclusions. For the use of the bicarbonate-based PD, more biocompatible solutions for six months produced a statistically significant increase in the dialysate concentration of the mesothelial cell mass indicator CA125. The decrease at the end of the study of CA125 mean value at a level similar with that observed at the beginning, after the six-month period of the conventional PD solutions, indicates that the clinical use of the new bicarbonate-based PD solutions may have an advantageous role in the preservation of peritoneal cell mass, maintaining also the integrity and longevity of the peritoneal membrane.