Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Science College- Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq, during November 2009 to April 2010 to study the effect of different concentration of dill plant residue (added to soil at ratio 0, 2, 4, and 6% W: W mixed and incubated for four weeks) on some vegetative growth characters and chemical composition of leaves and grains of two barley cultivars (C1= Tedmor, C2=Barbara). The results indicated that the different concentration of dill plant residue were affected significantly (P≤ 0.05) on most growth characters except number of tiller/plant. The highest values for all studied growth characters were recorded at 2% of dill plant residue for both cultivars. On the other hand, statistical analysis showed significant (P≤ 0.05) differences between two cultivars on nutrient content of leaves and seeds. In general, increasing level of dill plant residue led to significant increase of nitrogen, protein percent, proline, phosphorus, Fe, K+, and Na+ content of the leaves in both cultivars.
Highlights
Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment (Kremer and Ben- Hammouda, 2009)
Barley (Hordeum valgare L.), a plant widely cultivated around the world, has had widespread use as a health food
The highest values 3.31gm; 26.31; 33.4 and 13.17cm2 respectively was recorded for cultivars Barbara (C2). These results are in accordance with other studies which reported the differences and similarities between the barley cultivars (Edrisi and Farahbakhsh, 2011; choe et al, 2010; Oueslati et al, 2005; Ninkovic, 2003)
Summary
Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment (Kremer and Ben- Hammouda, 2009). Most plants exhibit allelopathic effects on seed germination, growth and development of other plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil, either as exudates from living organs or by decomposition of plants residues (Mutlu and Atiei, 2009). Weeds exert allelopathic effects on crop seed germination and growth by releasing water- soluble compounds into the soil (kivi and Tobeh, 2010 ; Zuo et al, 2008). Barley (Hordeum valgare L.), a plant widely cultivated around the world, has had widespread use as a health food. It has abundant protein, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants, as well as, anti- inflammatory and antiviral properties by various biologically active materials (Edrisi and Farahbakhsh, 2011; choe et al, 2010; Ahmed et al, 2007). Dhima et al, (2009) found that the green manure of aromatic plants, such as dill plant, significantly suppressed the emergence and growth of barnyard grass
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