The ALDH2, IGSF9, and PRDM16 Proteins as Predictive Biomarkers for Prognosis in Breast Cancer

Abstract

IntroductionALDH2, IGSF9, and PRDM16 play crucial roles in regulating diverse cellular pathophysiologic functions. The current study was to evaluate the effect of the 3 proteins on clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Materials and MethodsThe formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were collected from breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed. ResultsOf the 216 patients enrolled, ALDH2 high expression was significantly correlated with the age (p = .040), larger tumor size (p = .001), LVI (p < .001), LNM (p < .001), advanced TNM staging (p < .001), PR (p = .027), HER2 status (p = .002), and molecular subtype (p = .003). IGSF9 low expression was significantly correlated with the LV1 (p = .024), LNM (p = .024), advanced TNM staging (p = .001). The low expression of PRDM16 was significantly correlated with age (p = .023), and LNM (p = .014). The A+I−P− expression (13.4%) were markedly correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) (p < .001), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p < .001), advanced TNM staging (p < .001). Furthermore, patients with A+I−P− expression had significantly advanced-stage breast cancer [stage III (72.4%) vs. (23.0%)]. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified variables (ie, larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, and A+I−P− expression) as independent prognostic factors for survival. ConclusionOur results reveal ALDH2 high expression, IGSF9 and PRDM16 low expression, A+I−P− expression was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics, and shorter OS and DFS in breast cancer patients. The 3 proteins may be potential prognosis markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients.