Abstract

Abstract This article explores the transformation of the kīmīyā concept across Persian and Urdu intellectual worlds in South Asia. It shows how kīmīyā, a premodern alchemical tradition, transformed in the nineteenth century to become the primary Urdu translative equivalent to chemistry and a popular synonym for wealth. The article argues that these changes were a result of changing conditions of knowledge production, specifically the expansion of print, as well as the arrival of new forms of knowledge, such as chemistry and political economy. In doing so, the article offers a new case study to think about the semantic and conceptual transformation of premodern bodies of scientific knowledge in colonial modernity.

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