Abstract
Agro-ecology is a way of practicing agriculture by as well as possible using the operation and the resources of nature while preserving its capacitances of renewal. This approach mainly aims at reconciling agricultural development, environmental protection and biodiversity. In France, following a report coordinated by Mr. Guillou, this approach was encouraged at the end of 2012 by the Ministry for Agriculture, the Agroecology and the Forest with for objective reconciling economic and social environmental performances. For the viticulture, the challenges relate mainly to the reduction of the use of the plant health products. Within this framework, beyond the tweaking of the application of the plant health products, the vineyards must develop agro-ecological structures favorable to the biodiversity and valorization of the landscapes, support of eco-winetourism. They are made up, essentially, of the hedges, thickets, trees isolated and aligned, managed tapes buffers, low walls, benches. This topic was the object of a European program BIODIVINE (www.biodivine.eu) associated with operations of demonstration in various vineyards in France, Spain and in Portugal. The communication aims to define the concept of agro-ecology and to formalize to leave the experiment France the application to the vine terroirs.
Highlights
Les pratiques d’agriculture intensive, qui se sont repandues en Europe au XXe siecle, ont permis une importante augmentation de la productivite, notamment grace ade nombreuses innovations scientifiques et techniques
Plusieurs directives europeennes visant areglementer l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques ont vu le jour, accompagnees en France d’une strategie nationale dont les plans Ecophyto qui visent areduire progressivement l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires tout en maintenant une agriculture economiquement performante
Parallelement aux demarches regionales et nationales, il est important que ce concept soit accompagnepar les instances internationales qui peuvent fournir, dans le prolongement du developpement durable, des guides de mise en œuvre de l’agro-ecologie aadapter achaque contexte local
Summary
Les pratiques d’agriculture intensive, qui se sont repandues en Europe au XXe siecle, ont permis une importante augmentation de la productivite, notamment grace ade nombreuses innovations scientifiques et techniques. L’economie circulaire, contrairement aune economie lineaire, a pour objectif de produire des biens et des services tout en limitant la consommation et le c The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. Un rapport pilotepar Marion Guillou, publieen juin 2013, qui a associeles acteurs de la recherche et du developpement ainsi que les services du Ministere de l’Agriculture, a proposeune analyse en profondeur des voies et moyens pour combiner efficacement performance economique et performance environnementale. Depuis mars 2015, pres de 250 GIEE ont dejae ́tecrees (Fig. 3) [6, 7]
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