Abstract
The nitrapyrin was easily adsorbed by soil, but most current studies have focused on comparing the effects of nitrapyrin application at different soil organic matter levels and in different soil types. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm adsorption of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin in black soil, chernozem and planosol were studied in this paper. The adsorption kinetics were fitted by quasi-second-order kinetic equation (R2 ≥ 0.8907, p < 0.05) with a lower acting energy of adsorption (Ea < 8.0 kJ mol−1). The isotherm was fitted by the Langmuir equation (R2 ≥ 0.9400*, p < 0.05). The adsorption mechanism was determined to involve a spontaneous endothermic reaction accompanied mainly by physical adsorption to the surface that belonged to the ‘L’ isotherm curve (n > 1). Temperature promoted the adsorption of nitrapyrin in these three soils, and the maximum adsorption occurring at different temperatures following the order of black soil > planosol > chernozem. The adsorption capacity and rate decreased with decreasing soil organic matter. For the black soil, the nitrapyrin EC adsorption rate was more than seven times higher than that of nitrapyrin CS. The result would determine the dose of nitrapyrin required for availability in different types of soils and to provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the adsorption of nitrapyrin in the soil environment.
Highlights
The application of nitrification inhibitors can effectively improve nitrogen use efficiency, increase crop yield and quality and reduce environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer
The adsorption of organic matter in soil was generally divided into two stages: rapid adsorption occurs in the first stage and slow adsorption occurs in the second stage [35]
In the later stage, when most hydrophobic sites were occupied by nitrapyrin, adsorption mainly occurred in the pore structure of soil organic matter, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption rate and capacity
Summary
The application of nitrification inhibitors can effectively improve nitrogen use efficiency, increase crop yield and quality and reduce environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. In 1974, the DOW Chemical Company developed the nitration inhibition product ‘N-server’ using nitrapyrin. The product has been widely used in agricultural production, and the research on nitrapyrin focuses mainly on the participation of the nitrogen cycle and its impact on crop yields, such as significantly inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria [2,3], delaying the transformation of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen [4,5], and reducing nitrogen leaching and NO emissions [6,7,8], which improve nitrogen use efficiency and in turn increase crop yield [9,10,11]
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