Abstract
Pérez-Orellana, D. C., L. E. Delgado, and V. H. Marin. 2020. The adaptive cycle and the ecosystem services: a social-ecological analysis of Chiloé Island, southern Chile. Ecology and Society 25(4):34. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11977-250434
Highlights
The adaptive cycle’s heuristic conceptualizes the changes of complex systems on four consecutive phases (Holling 2001): (1) growth, (2) conservation, (3) collapse or creative destruction (Ω), and (4) reorganization (α)
We used the adaptive cycle to interpret the socialecological changes of Chiloé Island for the period 1826–2016, driven by the question: Do changes in Ecosystem services (ES) agree with the proposed theoretical relationships between both conceptual frameworks (Table 1)? We studied the interactions between adaptive cycles at different scales to analyze their effects on Chiloé social-ecological system (SES)
In 2007 the system entered into a collapse or creative destruction phase (Ω), triggered by the beginning of a salmon industry crisis related to an outbreak of infectious salmon anemia (ISA)
Summary
The adaptive cycle’s heuristic conceptualizes the changes of complex systems on four consecutive phases (Holling 2001): (1) growth, (2) conservation, (3) collapse or creative destruction (Ω), and (4) reorganization (α). There may be many connections between scales, Holling (2001:397 and 398) emphasizes two of them: “revolt” (from small and fast cycles to large and slow) that occurs when the former is in a creative destruction phase and the latter in a conservation phase, and “remember” (from large and slow cycles to small and fast), which may impact the reorganization of the latter by the conservation dynamics of the former (Holling 2001, Holling and Gunderson 2002, Baral et al 2010, Williams et al 2019, Joseph and McGregor 2020). Exploring cross-scale interactions, such as obstacles or traps (Haider et al 2018, Nahuelhual et al 2019), is essential to understand the system’s dynamics
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