Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of external compression with blood flow restriction on power output and bar velocity changes during the back-squat exercise (SQ). The study included 10 judo athletes (age = 28.4 ± 5.8 years; body mass = 81.3 ± 13.1 kg; SQ one-repetition maximum (1-RM) 152 ± 34 kg; training experience 10.7 ± 2.3 years). Methods: The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed three different exercise protocols: (1) control, without external compression (CONT); (2) intermittent external compression with pressure of 100% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) (EC-100); and (3) intermittent external compression with pressure of 150% AOP (EC-150). To assess the differences between conditions, the participants performed 3 sets of 3 repetitions of the SQ at 70% 1-RM. The differences in peak power output (PP), mean power output (MP), peak bar velocity (PV), and mean bar velocity (MV) between the three conditions were examined using repeated measures two-way ANOVA. Results: The post hoc analysis for the main effect of conditions showed a significant increase in PP (p = 0.03), PV (p = 0.02), MP (p = 0.04), and MV (p = 0.03), for the EC-150, compared to the CONT. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase in PP (p = 0.04), PV (p = 0.03), MP (p = 0.02), and MV (p = 0.01) were observed for the EC-150 compared to EC-100. There were no significant changes in PP, PV, MP, and MV, between EC-100 and CONT conditions. Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of extremely high-pressure external compression (150% AOP) during high-loaded (70% 1-RM) lower limb resistance exercise elicits an acute increase in power output and bar velocity.
Highlights
External compression causing blood flow restriction is a modern training tool used during resistance exercises [1,2,3]
Due to the lack of scientific data concerning the acute effects of external compression on lower limb performance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of external compression with full blood flow restriction (BFR) on power output and bar velocity during the squat exercise (SQ)
Wilk et al [14] showed a significant increase in power output and bar velocity during the bench press exercise under external compression and at load 70% 1 kg; SQ one-repetition maximum (1-RM)
Summary
External compression causing blood flow restriction is a modern training tool used during resistance exercises [1,2,3]. The amount of external compression used for blood flow restriction is adjusted based on the individual value of arterial occlusion pressure (% AOP) [4]. 100% AOP is the point where blood flow is completely cut off. The effect of external compression on blood flow restriction (BFR) is related to a range of individual characteristics (limb circumference, body composition) as well to the type of cuff (tourniquet shape, width, and length) [5,6,7]. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4674; doi:10.3390/ijerph17134674 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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