Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and widely used to treat diabetic kidney disease in China. Emerging evidences have revealed its ability to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), triptolide (TP), and celastrol are predominantly active compounds isolated from TWHF. The effects and molecular mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds have been investigated in recent years. Currently, it is becoming clearer that the effects of TWHF and its active compounds involve in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and protecting podocytes effect. This review presents an overview of the current findings related to the effects and mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds in therapies of DN, thus providing a systematic understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets by which TWHF and its active compounds affect cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is defined as decreased renal function with persistent clinically detectable proteinuria [1]
Several randomized controlled clinical trials have found that Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) possibly imparts nephroprotective effects by decreasing proteinuria, serum creatinine (Scr) levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels [22,23,24]
TWHF belongs to genus Tripterygium of family celastraceous, and its main bioactive ingredients include terpenoids, tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), lignans, glycosides, and alkaloids
Summary
The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A. The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A. Emerging evidences have revealed its ability to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), triptolide (TP), and celastrol are predominantly active compounds isolated from TWHF. The effects and molecular mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds have been investigated in recent years. It is becoming clearer that the effects of TWHF and its active compounds involve in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and protecting podocytes effect. This review presents an overview of the current findings related to the effects and mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds in therapies of DN, providing a systematic understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets by which TWHF and its active compounds affect cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo
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