Abstract
The transfer of heat and salt across the near-ice (proximal) boundary layer of tidewater glacier termini are important controls on submarine ablation. Glacier ice typically contains pressurized air bubbles, formed at the base of the firm layer and transported over centuries or millennia to the ocean. These bubbles are released during ice melting into the proximal boundary layer. The combination of ice, water, and air makes the proximal boundary layer a complex, multiphase flow. Bubble release is accompanied by pulses of sound with peak pressures spanning a wide range of values that can exceed 100 Pa. Investigations into the origins of this signal and its application to monitoring glacier submarine ablation rates will be presented. [Work supported by the US Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics program (Grant No. N00014-21-1-2316).]
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