Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the toxic and mutagenic and anti – mutagenic effects of the aqueous extract (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in modulating the genotoxic effects of mitomycin C (MMC). Albino male mice (Mus musculs) were employed as a biological system and four parameters were performed in vivo; total leucocyte count, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation. The plant extract was evaluated through three types of treatments. In the first, the extract was given alone orally. While the second and third treatment included two types of interactions with MMC; pre – and post – MMC treatments. All treatments were paralleled by negative and positive controls. In the first treatment, the dose 15 mg/kg of green tea extract enhanced the parameters investigated and a significant increase was observed in total count of leucocyte (8070 cells/cu. mm. blood) as compared to either negative (6900 cells/cu. mm. blood) or positive (5060 cells/cu. mm. blood) controls, Such observation was positively correlated with the mitotic index. In contrast, the spontaneous formation of micronuceli and chromosomal aberrations were decreased in the three investigated doses of the extract. The results showed that the plant extract had no genotoxic or mutgenic effects. In the second and third treatments, green tea extract showed a good performance in protecting the bone marrow cells in mice against genotoxic MMC effect by increasing the total leucocyte count and mitotic index and decreasing the chromosomal aberration and mironuclei when the treatment were before or after the MMC.
Highlights
Two hundred and fifty years ago, there were few or no synthetic medicines
mitomycin C (MMC) was given in day 1, while in the seven days, the plant extract was given, in both interaction, a control sample was investigated in similar sequence, in which the plant extract was replaced with distilled water for each experiment. 4- Laboratory Methods: Total leucocyte count (TLC) was performed on blood obtained from the tail of animals using the conventional method of blood cell counting [12]
12.38%, which was significantly higher than the spontaneous formation of such micronuclei. in the negative controls (0.52%), in contrast, a reduction in the spontaneous formation of micronucleus was observed in the three doses of green tea extract (0.33, 0.35 and 0.30%, respectively) (Table 1)
Summary
250,000 – 300,000 species of higher plants were the main source of drugs for the world's population. 75% of the world's population, still relies on those plants and other tools of traditional medicine [1]. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) a member of the Theaceae family, is one the most widely consumed beverages in the world and its many pharmaceutical properties have been described [2]. The chemical composition of green tea revealed several compounds such as, polyphenolic compounds, which account for 30 - 40 percent of the extractable solids of dried green tea leaves, with most of the polyphenols being flavanols more commonly known as catechins [7,8]. The present study was carried out to shed light on the effects of green tea aqueous extract in modulating the genotoxic effects of mitomycine C (MMC) in albino male mice
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