Abstract
The reduced natural waters and the large amount of wastewater produced by textile industry necessitate an effective water reuse treatment. In this study, a combined two-stage water reuse treatment was established to enhance the quality and recovery rate of reused water. The primary treatment incorporated a flocculation and sedimentation system, two sand filtration units, an ozonation unit, an ultrafiltration (UF) system, and a reverse osmosis (RO) system. The second treatment included an ozonation unit, a sand filtration unit, and UF and RO systems. The color removal rate increased with the increasing ozone dosage, and the relational expression between the ozone dosage and color removal rate was fitted. Ozonation greatly reduced the color by 92.59 and 97.27 times during the primary and second ozonation stages, respectively. RO had the highest removal rate. The combined processes showed good performance in water reuse treatment. The treated, reused water satisfied the reuse standard and surpassed the drinking water standard rates for chemical oxygen consumption (CODcr), color, NH3-N, hardness, Cl−, SO42−, turbidity, Fe3+, and Cu2+. The operating cost of reuse water treatment was approximately 0.44 USD·m−3.
Highlights
The decrease in natural water resources caused by drought and population growth has incited authorities to establish and encourage wastewater reuse
Ozonation and sand filtration have been well practiced for water treatment—the former in the destruction of chemical and biological contaminants, and the latter in the removal of particulate matter [37]
Sand filtration is a good pretreatment for UF because it removes the organic foulants from the secondary effluent and significantly increases the UF water flux [38]
Summary
The decrease in natural water resources caused by drought and population growth has incited authorities to establish and encourage wastewater reuse. The increase in water costs and the obligation to respect the standards of wastewater disposal in the environment have compelled manufacturers, such as those from the textile industry, to rethink their management of residual waters [1]. Residual water has become a water resource, especially for high water consumers. Wastewater treatment, and effluent reuse potential have become crucial factors for sustainable production [2]. The textile industry uses large quantities of water in stages, such as pretreatment, bleaching, dyeing, and printing, which demand approximately 100–200 L of high-quality water per kilogram of textile product and generate huge amounts of dye wastewater [3].
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