Abstract
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) is grown for the edible leaves, and can be used as food. And which commonly called Beonhaengcho in Republic of Korea. TTK is found along the seaside of the Jeju-Island and it has long been consumed as a food for women’s health. We investigated the effects of TTK on peripheral circulation disorder during menopausal transition and/or menopause in a hind-limb ischemic (HLI) mouse model. Chemotactic motility and tube formation of vascular epithelial cells were evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a TTK (150 or 450 mg/kg/day) for four weeks and the rate of blood flow was assessed using a laser Doppler after HLI. TTK treatment significantly increased cell migration and the branch interval value of tubular structure in a dose-dependently. In the TTK treatment group, blood flow rate was significant induced at 7, 14, and 28 days after HLI, compared with the vehicle. TTK treatment also an increase in capillary density, and the highest levels of pERK(1/2), pAkt, pPLCγ1 and pFAK proteins compared to the vehicle control. These results suggest that extract of TTK may ameliorate the blood flow via improvement of peripheral angiogenesis under hind-limb ischemic stress in a menopausal mouse model.
Highlights
Symptoms of perimenopause are inconvenient for women and affect their daily lives.Typical symptoms of menopausal syndrome result from hormonal imbalances as especially from a decline in ovarian sex steroid levels [1]
Recent studies have shown that women that receive hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause have a lower rate of cardiac dysfunction [14,15,16]
Result, the increase of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was observed dependent on the tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (TTK) treatmen examine the angiogenic activitycell of TTK, the optimum doses
Summary
Symptoms of perimenopause are inconvenient for women and affect their daily lives. Typical symptoms of menopausal syndrome result from hormonal imbalances as especially from a decline in ovarian sex steroid levels [1]. The postmenopausal increase in vascular disease incidence is at least partially due to reduced levels of ovarian hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone [6,7] peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is one of the circulatory diseases that affect blood vessels outside the heart, brain, and limbs, resulting in pain and fatigue [8,9,10]. The role of estrogen is in the regulation of blood lipid and cholesterol levels, which could affect growth of vascular endothelial cells, and the remedy from ischemic and/or vascular damage leading to various disease models [32,33,34]. We used a murine model of ovariectomy- and hind-limb ischemia to investigate whether or not TTK can improve blood flow rate via angiogenesis and inflammatory responses in the context of vascular surgical damage. Tube formation and cell mobility in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying improvement of blood flow rate by TTK
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