Abstract
During the last two decades, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) has gained significant attention as an efficient metal-free homogeneous phase-transfer catalyst. A catalytic amount of TBAB is sufficient to catalyze various alkylation, oxidation, reduction, and esterification processes. It is also employed as an efficient co-catalyst for numerous coupling reactions. It has also acted as an efficient zwitterionic solvent in many organic transformations under molten conditions. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments on TBAB-catalyzed protocols for the efficient synthesis of various biologically promising heterocyclic scaffolds.
Highlights
IntroductionHeterocyclic skeletons are very common in commercially available drug molecules (Figure 1) [1]
Heterocyclic skeletons are very common in commercially available drug molecules (Figure 1) [1].Heterocycles are the main building blocks of many naturally occurring compounds [2]
A combination of graphite carbon nitride and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) was used as an efficient catalytic system the synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (34) from 2-phenyloxirane (33) under carbon-dioxide-filled for the synthesis of 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Summary
Heterocyclic skeletons are very common in commercially available drug molecules (Figure 1) [1]. As a result, during the last decade, various non-corrosive, low-cost, commercially available ammonium salt with high thermal and chemical organocatalysts have gained a great deal of attention in carrying out organic transformations under stability [22]. Various immense in reactionsunder where aconditions reactant soluble in the organic phase needs toobserved react withthat an anionic reactant in the solvent-free [23,24,25] In some reactions, it was the addition of asoluble catalytic amount aqueous phase. The catalytic activity non-flammable, non-corrosive, low-cost, commercially available ammonium salt with high thermal of TBAB has been continuously explored for various reactions. It showed excellent catalytic efficacies and chemical stability [22]. Under the same optimized condition, the reactions afforded comparable yields by using benzyltriethyl ammonium chloride as catalyst whereas lower yields were obtained with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as catalyst
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