Tetanus Update: Latest Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Tetanus still contributes to a large number of deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11.76% in 2019. The increase in the number of cases and inadequate reporting are the reasons why tetanus management remains an important part of reducing patient mortality. Tetanus almost always occurs in patients who are not immune, partial or immune is inadequate. The diagnosis is made only from clinical manifestations, where the rigidity and spasm can be generalized (including neonatal tetanus) or local. Management of tetanus is divided into general management - with the administration of human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG) or serum anti-tetanus (ATS), antibiotics, magnesium, and wound care - and special management - which conforms to Ablett's classification system: mild, moderate, severe, and very heavy. Meanwhile, management in primary health care still adjusts the guidelines given by taking into account the availability of drugs. Prevention is carried out by giving immunizations to pregnant women, neonates and babies, as well as giving a booster every time an injury occurs.