Tests of pneumatic sowing device for flax on basis of modular combined adapter

Abstract

Modern agricultural enterprises need universal seeders suitable for sowing various types of seeds in different soil conditions. Seeders should be available for agronomic requirements for planting in various conditions: high humidity, constantly desired depth of planting and other factors. The authors developed and manufactured a pneumatic sowing machine on the basis of modular combined adapter BMKA. The combined unit is designed for secondary tillage, sowing and covering of seeds of small-seeded crops such as flax. BMKА is equipped with pneumatic horizontal disc sowing unit, two units helical rotary harrows, unit of cultivation and coulter group. Created design ensures a quality soil preparation, uniform seeding small-seeded crops and set depth of covering. A rotary harrow has several main parameters: diameter is 180 mm; height of teeth equals 120 mm; helix pitch distance is 80 mm. Soil cultivation is possible at depth down to 140 mm. Optimal parameters and modes of operation of the sowing machine: disc diameter - 600 mm, seed cell diameter is 8 mm, the pressure in the pneumatic system - 0.13 MPa, frequency of rotation of the disc equals 65 rpm. BMKA manufacturing application increases the yield of straw by 13.7-33.1 percent, seeds of flax by 19.6-31.3 percent in comparison with the control variant. The annual economic effect is 2035-3034 rubles per 1 ha, when the payback period is one season. The machine manufacturing application provides high-quality seeds for breeding and seed production.