Testing the Distance-Duality Relation from Hubble, Galaxy Clusters and Type Ia Supernovae Data with Model Independent Methods

Abstract

In this paper, we perform cosmological-model-independent tests for the distance-duality (DD) relation η(z)=D L(1+z)−2/D A by combining the angular diameter distance D A(or comoving distances D c ) with the luminosity distance D L. The D A are provided by two galaxy clusters samples compiled by De Filippis et al. (the elliptical β model), Bonamente et al. (the spherical β model), the D c are obtained from Hubble parameter data and D L are given from the Union2.1 supernovae (SNe) Ia compilation. We employ two methods, i.e., method A: binning the SNe Ia data within the range Δz=|z−z SNe|<0.005, and method B: reconstructing the D L(z) by smoothing the noise of Union2.1 data set over redshift with the Gaussian smoothing function, to obtain D L associated with the redshits of the observed D A or D c. Four parameterizations for η(z), i.e., η(z)=1+η 0 z, η(z)=1+η 0 z/(1+z), η(z)=1+η 0 z/(1+z)2 and η(z)=1−η 0 ln(1+z), are adopted for the DD relation. We find that DD relation is consistent with the present observational data, and the results we obtained are not sensitive to the method and parameterization.